Characterization of microsatellites revealed by genomic sequencing of Populus trichocarpa

نویسندگان

  • Gerald A. Tuskan
  • Lee E. Gunter
  • Zamin K. Yang
  • TongMing Yin
  • Mitchell M. Sewell
  • Stephen P. DiFazio
چکیده

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly polymorphic, codominant markers that have great value for the construction of genetic maps, comparative mapping, population genetic surveys, and paternity analyses. Here, we report the development and testing of a set of SSR markers derived from shotgun sequencing from Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray, a nonenriched genomic DNA library, and bacterial artificial chromosomes. Approximately 23% of the 1536 genomic clones and 48% of the 768 bacterial artificial chromosome subclones contained an SSR. Of the sequences containing an SSR, 72.4% contained a dinucleotide, 19.5% a trinucleotide, and 8.1% a tetranucleotide repeat unit; 26.6% of the sequences contained multiple SSR motifs in a complex or compound repeat structures. A survey of the genome sequence database revealed very similar proportional distribution, indicating that our limited rapid, shallow sequencing effort is representative of genome-wide patterns. In total, 492 primer pairs were designed and these yielded 77 markers that were mapped in an F2 pedigree, including 26 that were sufficiently informative to be included in a Populus framework map. SSRs with GC-rich motifs mapped at a significantly higher frequency than expected, although AT-rich SSRs accounted for the majority of mapped markers due to their higher representation in the genome. SSR markers developed from P. trichocarpa showed high utility throughout the genus, with amplification rates in excess of 70% for all Populus species tested. Finally, at least 30% of the markers amplified in several willow species, suggesting that some of these SSRs will be transferable across genera. Résumé : Les microsatellites ou séquences répétées en tandem (SSRs) constituent des marqueurs codominants hautement polymorphes qui sont très utiles pour la construction de cartes génétiques, la cartographie comparée, les études de génétique des populations et les analyses de paternité. Les auteurs ont développé et testé un ensemble de marqueurs SSRs découlant du séquençage aléatoire d’une banque d’ADN génomique non enrichie et de chromosomes artificiels bactériens de Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray. Environ 23 % des 1536 clones génomiques et 48 % des 768 sousclones de BAC contenaient un SSR. De ces séquences contenant un SSR, 72,4 % présentaient une répétition dinucléotidique, 19,5 % une répétition trinucléotidique et 8,1 % une répétition tétranucléotidique; 26,6 % des séquences présentaient des patrons SSRs multiples au sein de structures répétées complexes ou composées. Une étude de la base de données de la séquence du génome a révélé des proportions similaires des différents motifs, indiquant qu’un effort limité, rapide et superficiel de séquençage produit des SSRs représentatifs des patrons du génome dans son ensemble. Un total de 492 paires d’amorces ont été élaborées, résultant en 77 marqueurs qui ont été cartographiés à partir d’un pedigree F2, incluant 26 marqueurs assez informatifs pour être inclus dans une carte de base de Populus. Les marqueurs SSRs à motifs riches en GC étaient cartographiés à une fréquence significativement plus élevée que la fréquence espérée, quoique les SSRs à motifs riches en AT comptaient pour la majorité des marqueurs cartographiés en raison de leur plus forte représentation dans le génome. Les marqueurs SSRs développés à partir de P. trichocarpa ont démontré une bonne transférabilité à travers le genre, avec des taux d’amplification excédant 70 % pour toutes les espèces de Populus testées. Enfin, au moins 30 % des marqueurs ont été amplifiés chez plusieurs espèces de saule, indiquant que certains de ces marqueurs SSRs seront transférables d’une genre à l’autre. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Tuskan et al. 93

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تاریخ انتشار 2004